What are some significant comprehension challenges faced by struggling readers,

What are some significant comprehension challenges faced by struggling readers, and what can teachers do to help these students comprehend text?
Roe, Betty, Sandra Smith, and Nancy Kolodziej. Teaching Reading in Today’s Elementary
Schools. 12th ed., Cengage Learning, 2018.
Chapter 9: Comprehension Part I pp. 227-269
What role does the reader play in relation to comprehension?
What strategies can be used for pre-, during-, and post- reading activities?
Chapter 10: Comprehension Part II pp. 270-319
What skills constitute literal comprehension?
How does effective questioning contribute to comprehension?
For more information related to comprehension, you may want to review the following print and online resources:
“Before-During-After Reading Strategies.” Before-During-After Reading Strategies. Pennsylvania Department of Education, n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2014. .
Dymock, Sue, and Tom Nicholson. Teaching Text Structures: A Key to Nonfiction Reading Success. New York: Scholastic, 2007. Print.
Filkins, Scott. “Reading with Purpose in the Content Areas – ReadWriteThink.” Readwritethink.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2014. .
Harvey, Stephanie, and Anne Goudvis. Strategies That Work: Teaching Comprehension for Understanding and Engagement. Portland, Me.: Stenhouse, 2007. Print.
Lewin, Larry. “Teaching Critical Reading with Questioning Strategies.” Educational Leadership. N.p., 2010. Web. 15 Nov. 2014. .
“Sequencing.” Sequencing. Teacher Vision, n.d. Web. .
Stuck, Arleen. “Setting a Purpose.” Ohio Resource Center Reading Strategies. AdLIT, n.d. Web. 15 Nov. 2014. .